Postgres Error Code Reference
Every significant SQLSTATE error explained — what it means, why it happens, and how to fix it. Trigger SQL and fix SQL included for every entry.
⚙️ Error examples are AI-generated to help developers and are subject to the occasional error. Always verify against your specific version and setup.
duplicate key value violates unique constraint
Integrity Constraint Violation
insert or update on table violates foreign key constraint
Integrity Constraint Violation
relation does not exist
Undefined Table
column does not exist
Undefined Column
connection failure
Connection Exception
invalid authorization specification
Invalid Authorization Specification
could not serialize access due to concurrent update
Transaction Rollback
deadlock detected
Transaction Rollback
value too long for type character varying
Data Exception
disk full
Insufficient Resources
syntax error at or near "..."
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
lock not available
Object Not In Prerequisite State
invalid input syntax for type integer
Data Exception
permission denied for table
Privilege Not Granted
canceling statement due to statement timeout
Operator Intervention
new row for relation violates check constraint
Integrity Constraint Violation
duplicate object
Duplicate Object
relation already exists
Duplicate Table
feature not supported
Feature Not Supported
current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of transaction block
Invalid Transaction State
object not in prerequisite state
Object Not In Prerequisite State
could not connect to server
Connection Exception
numeric value out of range
Data Exception
function does not exist
Undefined Function
out of memory
Insufficient Resources
cannot cast type
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
invalid input syntax for type date
Data Exception
null value in column violates not-null constraint
Integrity Constraint Violation
could not determine data type of parameter $N
Indeterminate Datatype
internal error
Internal Error
the database system is starting up
Operator Intervention
terminating connection due to administrator command
Operator Intervention
could not open file
System Error
remaining connection slots are reserved for non-replication superuser connections
Too Many Connections
database does not exist
Invalid Catalog Name
invalid schema name
Invalid Schema Name
invalid table definition
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
cannot drop table because other objects depend on it
Dependent Privilege Descriptors Still Exist
active SQL transaction
Invalid Transaction State
invalid transaction termination
Invalid Transaction Termination
successful completion
Successful Completion
warning
Warning
dynamic result sets returned
Warning
implicit zero bit padding
Warning
null value eliminated in set function
Warning
privilege not granted
Warning
privilege not revoked
Warning
string data right truncation
Warning
deprecated feature
Warning
no data
No Data
no additional dynamic result sets returned
No Data
sql statement not yet complete
SQL Statement Not Yet Complete
connection exception
Connection Exception
connection does not exist
Connection Exception
sqlserver rejected establishment of sqlconnection
Connection Exception
transaction resolution unknown
Connection Exception
protocol violation
Connection Exception
triggered action exception
Triggered Action Exception
invalid transaction initiation
Invalid Transaction Initiation
locator exception
Locator Exception
invalid locator specification
Locator Exception
invalid grantor
Invalid Grantor
invalid grant operation
Invalid Grantor
invalid role specification
Invalid Role Specification
diagnostics exception
Diagnostics Exception
stacked diagnostics accessed without active handler
Diagnostics Exception
case not found
Case Not Found
cardinality violation
Cardinality Violation
data exception
Data Exception
array subscript error
Data Exception
character not in repertoire
Data Exception
datetime field overflow
Data Exception
division by zero
Data Exception
error in assignment
Data Exception
escape character conflict
Data Exception
indicator overflow
Data Exception
interval field overflow
Data Exception
invalid argument for logarithm
Data Exception
invalid argument for ntile function
Data Exception
invalid argument for nth_value function
Data Exception
invalid argument for power function
Data Exception
invalid argument for width_bucket function
Data Exception
invalid character value for cast
Data Exception
invalid escape character
Data Exception
invalid escape octet
Data Exception
invalid escape sequence
Data Exception
nonstandard use of escape character
Data Exception
invalid indicator parameter value
Data Exception
invalid parameter value
Data Exception
invalid preceding or following size in window function
Data Exception
invalid regular expression
Data Exception
invalid row count in LIMIT clause
Data Exception
invalid row count in result offset clause
Data Exception
invalid tablesample argument
Data Exception
invalid tablesample repeat
Data Exception
invalid time zone displacement value
Data Exception
invalid use of escape character
Data Exception
most specific type mismatch
Data Exception
null value not allowed
Data Exception
null value, no indicator parameter
Data Exception
sequence generator limit exceeded
Data Exception
string data length mismatch
Data Exception
substring error
Data Exception
trim error
Data Exception
unterminated C string
Data Exception
zero length character string
Data Exception
floating point exception
Data Exception
invalid binary representation
Data Exception
bad copy file format
Data Exception
untranslatable character
Data Exception
not an XML document
Data Exception
invalid XML document
Data Exception
invalid XML content
Data Exception
invalid XML comment
Data Exception
invalid XML processing instruction
Data Exception
invalid argument for SQL/JSON datetime function
Data Exception
invalid argument for SQL/JSON datetime function
Data Exception
invalid JSON text
Data Exception
invalid SQL/JSON subscript
Data Exception
more than one SQL/JSON item
Data Exception
no SQL/JSON item
Data Exception
non-numeric SQL/JSON item
Data Exception
non-unique keys in a JSON object
Data Exception
singleton SQL/JSON item required
Data Exception
SQL/JSON array not found
Data Exception
SQL/JSON member not found
Data Exception
SQL/JSON number not found
Data Exception
SQL/JSON object not found
Data Exception
too many JSON array elements
Data Exception
too many JSON object members
Data Exception
SQL/JSON scalar required
Data Exception
SQL/JSON item cannot be cast to target type
Data Exception
integrity constraint violation
Integrity Constraint Violation
restrict violation
Integrity Constraint Violation
exclusion constraint violation
Integrity Constraint Violation
invalid cursor state
Invalid Cursor State
invalid transaction state
Invalid Transaction State
active SQL transaction
Invalid Transaction State
held cursor requires same isolation level
Invalid Transaction State
inappropriate access mode for branch transaction
Invalid Transaction State
inappropriate isolation level for branch transaction
Invalid Transaction State
no active SQL transaction for branch transaction
Invalid Transaction State
read only SQL transaction
Invalid Transaction State
schema and data statement mixing not supported
Invalid Transaction State
no active SQL transaction
Invalid Transaction State
idle in transaction session timeout
Invalid Transaction State
transaction timeout
Invalid Transaction State
invalid SQL statement name
Invalid SQL Statement Name
triggered data change violation
Triggered Data Change Violation
invalid password
Invalid Authorization Specification
dependent privilege descriptors still exist
Dependent Privilege Descriptors Still Exist
SQL routine exception
SQL Routine Exception
modifying SQL data not permitted
SQL Routine Exception
prohibited SQL statement attempted
SQL Routine Exception
reading SQL data not permitted
SQL Routine Exception
function executed in wrong section of rule
SQL Routine Exception
invalid cursor name
Invalid Cursor Name
external routine exception
External Routine Exception
containing SQL not permitted
External Routine Exception
modifying SQL data not permitted
External Routine Exception
prohibited SQL statement attempted
External Routine Exception
reading SQL data not permitted
External Routine Exception
external routine invocation exception
External Routine Invocation Exception
invalid SQLSTATE returned
External Routine Invocation Exception
null value not allowed
External Routine Invocation Exception
trigger protocol violated
External Routine Invocation Exception
SRF protocol violated
External Routine Invocation Exception
event trigger protocol violated
External Routine Invocation Exception
savepoint exception
Savepoint Exception
invalid savepoint specification
Savepoint Exception
transaction rollback
Transaction Rollback
transaction integrity constraint violation
Transaction Rollback
statement completion unknown
Transaction Rollback
syntax error or access rule violation
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
grouping error
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
windowing error
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
invalid recursion
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
invalid foreign key
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
invalid name
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
name too long
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
reserved name
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
datatype mismatch
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
indeterminate collation
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
indeterminate datatype
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
wrong object type
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
generated always
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
undefined parameter
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
undefined object
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
duplicate column
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
duplicate cursor
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
duplicate database
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
duplicate prepared statement
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
duplicate schema
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
ambiguous parameter
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
ambiguous alias
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
invalid column reference
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
invalid cursor definition
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
invalid database definition
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
invalid function definition
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
invalid prepared statement definition
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
invalid schema definition
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
invalid object definition
Syntax Error or Access Rule Violation
WITH CHECK OPTION violation
WITH CHECK OPTION Violation
insufficient resources
Insufficient Resources
configuration limit exceeded
Insufficient Resources
program limit exceeded
Program Limit Exceeded
statement too complex
Program Limit Exceeded
too many columns
Program Limit Exceeded
too many arguments
Program Limit Exceeded
object in use
Object Not in Prerequisite State
cannot change runtime parameter
Object Not in Prerequisite State
unsafe use of new enum value
Object Not in Prerequisite State
operator intervention
Operator Intervention
crash shutdown
Operator Intervention
database dropped
Operator Intervention
idle session timeout
Operator Intervention
I/O error
System Error
undefined file
System Error
duplicate file
System Error
config file error
Configuration File Error
lock file exists
Configuration File Error
FDW error
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
FDW out of memory
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
FDW dynamic parameter value needed
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
FDW invalid data type
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
FDW column name not found
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
FDW invalid data type descriptors
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
FDW invalid column name
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
FDW invalid column number
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
FDW invalid use of null pointer
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
fdw_invalid_string_format
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
fdw_invalid_handle
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
fdw_invalid_option_index
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
fdw_invalid_option_name
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
fdw_option_name_not_found
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
fdw_reply_handle
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
fdw_unable_to_create_execution
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
fdw_unable_to_create_reply
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
fdw_unable_to_establish_connection
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
fdw_function_sequence_error
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
fdw_inconsistent_descriptor_information
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
fdw_invalid_attribute_value
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
fdw_invalid_string_length_or_buffer_length
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
fdw_invalid_descriptor_field_identifier
Foreign Data Wrapper Error
plpgsql_error
PL/pgSQL Error
raise_exception
PL/pgSQL Error
no_data_found
PL/pgSQL Error
too_many_rows
PL/pgSQL Error
assert_failure
PL/pgSQL Error
data_corrupted
Internal Error
index_corrupted
Internal Error
About This Reference
This Postgres error code reference covers 250+ of the most common SQLSTATE errors encountered in production PostgreSQL deployments. Each entry includes a minimal, self-contained trigger SQL example, a verified fix with mechanism explanation, sources from the official PostgreSQL documentation, and a confidence rating. Errors are classified into three risk tiers: safe (Tier 1), caution (Tier 2), and handle-with-care (Tier 3) for errors relating to replication, WAL, or data integrity.